Showing posts with label social history. Show all posts
Showing posts with label social history. Show all posts

Coal: A Human History Review

Coal: A Human History
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I moved back to the United States after living for about 8 years in Manchester, England. Even today, you can still identify the effects of coal in Manchester--from the many chimneys around the Northern landscape, to the coal-blackened Victorian warehouses. When I bought a house there, I pulled-up carpets that covered wood floors since 1911, and I myself was covered with coal dust that accumulated over the decades. Finally, in the North of England, you still have a few coal mining villages and towns that have very strong cultures. So I was aware of coal when I lived there, and had become curious.
Freese's book is an excellent and engaging history of the history of coal and its relationship to the history of three nations: The United Kingdom, the United States, and China. She writes exceptionally fluidly, with, at once, broad sweeps and minute details that keep you both interetsed and informed. She also has a lovely dry sense of humor. Her chapter on Manchester, by the way, is excellent.
The book isn't academic (to her credit), but nor is it a vapid popular account. Instead, Freese has written a book that does the nearly impossible in that it is well-researched, historically accurate, engaging almost, but not, to the point of being chatty. I couldn't put it down. What it lacks, by way of an academic angle, is a discussion of what else had been written in the past about the history of coal, as well as a theoretical approach. This is hardly a criticism because that really isn't the intention of this book. In fact, believe the book would have suffered had she taken this approach.
I agree with another reviewer who suggested that Freese didn't know how to end the book--although I did find her discussion of alternatives to coal to be compelling. There are two typos in the book that evaded the copy editor, but otherwise this book is a small masterpiece. You will enjoy it.

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Velvet Glove, Iron Fist: A History of Anti-Smoking Review

Velvet Glove, Iron Fist: A History of Anti-Smoking
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The history of antismoking began when Columbus brought tobacco from America to Spain - and the Inquisition clapped some of his crew into irons for smoking. Fast forward to that great public health promoter, Adolf Hitler, who tried to make Germany and much the world smoke-free. Fortunately for us, he was defeated by the armies of Churchill and Roosevelt - one a cigar, the other a cigarette smoker.
Tyrannical prohibitionists are at work today. Here, in New York, we have an ex-smoker billionaire mayor forcing poor smokers to huddle in the rain in the doorways. Elsewhere, my daughter just returned from dirt-poor authoritarian Turkmenistan where it is illegal to smoke in the streets. The fine is $50, which is about a month's salary for locals, and police enforcement is harsh. Why? Because their president stopped smoking and did not want to see other smokers from the window of his limo.
Snowdon writes in a engaging, lively, and sophisticated style. He runs through the scientific evidence: the addictiveness but also the relative harmlessness of nicotine; the health hazards of tar in cigarettes; the ridiculous claims about `secondary smoke.'
The anti-smoking campaigners started out mild and reasonable. They told us to be compassionate to fellow office workers in enclosed spaces. Emboldened by their success, they drove an ever harder bargain. The velvet glove was off and the iron fist of criminalizing tobacco was out. Their campaigns are very well documented in this book.
As a life-long recreational cigar smoker - as well as a man who literally risked his life for freedom - I read this book from cover to cover. It was like nicotine, which paradoxically both relaxes and sharpens the mind. My only minor criticism of this book is that it was written by a Brit and not edited for the American lingo prior to its publication in this country.
What next? What will happen with the Berlin Wall that had been built around smokers in this country, in much of Europe, and not to forget Cuba and Turkmenistan - what will cause that wall to fall?
I feel grateful to the author for his engaging history and wish every thinking person owned a copy. Perhaps that will help to begin cracking the wall.

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Spain, 1493 - Europe's first smoker imprisioned by the Inquisition England, 1604 - Massive tax rise on tobacco in a bid to discourage smoking Canada, 1676 - Smoking is banned in the street United States, 1899 - Anti-smoking campaigners call for the eradication of tobacco Germany, 1944 - Smoking banned on public transport to protect workers from secondhand smoke In this revealing and meticulously researched account of an untold story, Christopher Snowdon traces the fortunes of those who have tried to stamp out tobacco through the ages. Velvet Glove, Iron Fist takes the reader on a journey from 15th century Cuba to 21st century California, via Revolutionary France, Victorian Britain, Prohibition Era America and Nazi Germany. Along the way, the author finds uncanny parallels between today's anti-smoking activists and those of the past. Today, as the same tactics begin to be used against those who enjoy alcohol, chocolate, fast food, gambling and perfume, Velvet Glove, Iron Fist provides a timely reminder that once politicians start regulating private behaviour, they find it very hard to quit.

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Young Men and Fire Review

Young Men and Fire
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I picked up this book by chance, captivated by the title and by the jacket. Since I first read it seven years or so ago, I have returned to it time and time and time again. (Indeed, I am using sections of it in a course I will be teaching soon on men and masculinity).
The publishing world has seen a plethora of non-fiction books on tragedies and natural disasters in recent years, with "The Perfect Storm" and "Into Thin Air" perhaps the most successful. But those two bestsellers pale in comparison with the subtlety, the grace, and the sheer power of Maclean's story of discovering what happened to a dozen young firejumpers on a steep Montana hillside many years ago. In the final fifty pages, as remembrances of survivors mix with a technical discussion of wind and flames, Maclean's prose is so vivid, so pure, so unadornedly beautiful that I had to put the book down three or four times because my eyes were filling with tears. 'Tis a rare work of non-fiction that can do that!
I am a deeply urban person. I know nothing of forestry or firefighting. I have never been to Montana. And I was gripped by this book from start to finish, even as Maclean skilfully avoids even the slightest shred of bathos or melodrama. It is a marvelous meditation on heroism and death, and on masculinity itself, and well, well worth the read.

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Webs of Smoke: Smugglers, Warlords, Spies, and the History of the International Drug Trade (State & Society East Asia) Review

Webs of Smoke: Smugglers, Warlords, Spies, and the History of the International Drug Trade (State and Society East Asia)
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Webs of Smoke contains an interesting account of the pre-20th century Asian narcotics trade. The first 4 or 5 chapters will hold your attention.
As the book approaches more contemporary events, the authors lose their grip. The 20th century events are told as a series of individual case studies which provide only a partial view of the Asian drug industry. The book seems to conclude that the communist revolution in China solved China's drug problems. This seems an odd way to end the book. 1998, the year of the book's publication, was a record year for Chinese narcotics seizures. The authors seem to stick with official records and avoid analysis. This is a satisfactory strategy for pre-20th century events, but becomes increasingly problematic as the subject matter becomes more contemporary.
The chapter titles suggest the book provides an overview of infrastructure roles. Chapter titles are 'Bureaucrats,' 'Merchants,' 'Monopolies,' 'Europeans,' 'War Lords,' 'Soldiers of Fortune,' 'Spies,' 'Americans' and 'Communists.' Perhaps a 'role' based review would be a good book, but the chapters are really sequential case histories of leading individuals. A broad based analysis of the users and infrastructure is never really attempted. The case studies provide the reader with a good start on understanding the 'big picture.' It is a pity the authors avoided the issue.

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Smoke Wars (pb): Anaconda Copper, Montana Air Pollution, and the Courts, 1890-1924 Review

Smoke Wars (pb): Anaconda Copper, Montana Air Pollution, and the Courts, 1890-1924
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Smoke Wars: Anaconda Copper, Montana Air Pollution, And The Courts, 1890-1920 was originally Montana Historian Donald MacMillan's Ph.D. dissertation. When MacMillan died in 1996, his dissertation was published posthumously with the addition of an introduction by William L. Lang (Director, Center for Columbia River History, Washington State Historical Society, Washington State University-Vancouver. Now brought back into print by the Montana Historical Society Press, Smoke Wars begins in the 1880s when copper companies in Butte processed ore by roasting it in open-air heaps and created dense clouds of low-lying, noxious smoke. MacMillan vividly depicts the history and effects of this technology upon the surrounding community and includes a narrative of a visit to butte in 1885 by Granville Stuart, one of Montana's early pioneers and a visiting dignitary from England, who gave an eye-witness account of what he saw. This is also the story of citizens banding together to fight the polluting activities of the Amalgamated Copper Company, and the legal and publicity battles that ensued for years. This 304 page history is enhanced with three maps and six illustrations and is a highly recommended contribution to American History and Environmental Studies supplemental reading lists and reference collections. Smoke Wars is also available in a hardcover edition (091729862-4, ...).

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Back of the Big House: The Architecture of Plantation Slavery (Fred W. Morrison Series in Southern Studies) Review

Back of the Big House: The Architecture of Plantation Slavery (Fred W. Morrison Series in Southern Studies)
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John Vlach's book is a thorough study of the architecture of plantation slavery in the South. He primarily used resource materials from the 1930s Historic American Building Survey and WPA interviews with former slaves to develop a social history. The research is solid and comprehensive. Vlach demonstrates ways to interpret the buildings for information about the life of the people who worked and dwelled in them, and he backs up his conclusions with interview materials. It's a terrific way of studying architecture that merges folklife studies with architectural history. The conclusions expanded my understanding about history, and this book is an essential contribution to learning about black history.

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